EcoWorldly

The Greenland shark is just a nuisance to fishermen. It is toxic for humans to eat. It gets caught in our nets.

Thousands are thrown back into the sea each year.

“It’s a large predator that devours fish, squid, seals and other marine life, and it also ruins the lines and nets of the halibut fishermen,” says Leif Fontaine, the head of Greenland’s fishing and hunting association.

“Entire trawlers are sometimes full of sharks and they are caught everywhere, especially off the east and west of Greenland, to the fishermen’s great dismay,” says Bo Lings who used to work on a big trawler.”

In Uummannaq, Greenland sharks represent more than half of the waste disposed of by the local fishermen.

They can weigh a ton and be 23 feet long.

So, why not get some use out of them?

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The break up of the Arctic ice sheet–now at record levels –might make an Arctic crossing much easier for a small group of previously untracked Right Whales. And that’s the problem. The Arctic ice-sheet break up is making the “Northwest Passage” across the Pole much easier for everyone–including commercial fishing ships. If this newly discovered group of whales decides to take this short cut (heading south for the Winter), scientists fear, they could swim headlong into the newly opened shipping lanes. It is estimated that collisions with ships cause one third of all Right Whale deaths world-wide.

In 2007 and 2008, marine researchers tracked over 2000 whale songs coming from the waters of Cape Farewell Ground (Just off Greenland’s Southwest coast). The songs are believed to be those of male Right Whales–a fairly rare baleen (mysticine) whale that was hunted to near extinction here back in the late 1800’s. They were named “right” whales because they were deemed the “right” whale to hunt for their prized oil and baleen content. Researchers studying the new group believe that there must be at least two of them, possibly three. Whales in general tend to be creatures of habit, returning seasonally to the same  “grounds” for eating or mating.

Normally, the few Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) sightings that there are (in the North Atlantic) have been largely off of Nova Scotia and the New England coasts during the Summer feeding months (the whales feed off off massive up-welling of plankton). Returning to this area (Cape Farewell Ground) is a bit of a surprise, for these were also the former “killing grounds” of these rarest of the large whales.  Dr. Mellinger, the research team’s lead scientist, believes that they are indeed a new group, and are either reoccupying this area, or possibly (despite all odds), may have always been here.

The Right whale “songs” were detected using a high-tech network of submerged listening posts. A version of the system was originally used for monitoring the Right whale population off Massachusetts Bay in 2006. Preliminary analysis of this singular, acoustical phenomenon–produced exclusively by younger male whales–indicates that there may be as many as three whales contributing to these songs.

No one knows, however, if there are any females that have joined the group–a factor crucial for the long-term survival of any would-be whale pod. Female Right whales do not sexually mature until 10 years or age, and they give birth to only one off-spring at a time (after a year long gestation). This possibility (of a pregnant female in the group) makes concern over the arctic ice break-up, and any accidental ship strike, all the more pressing. Right Whales have been under international protection since 1949, but the North Atlantic Right whale’s numbers have not seen the same population rebound as other groups of Rights.

Mellinger’s team reported its findings at the annual Acoustical Society of America meeting in Portland, Oregon.

photo: NOAA

Something big and strange is floating through the Chukchi Sea between Wainwright and Barrow.
No one in the area can recall seeing anything like it before.

This huge thing is not oil. One coast guard official said the following:

“It kind of has an odor; I can’t describe it.”

Nobody knows for sure what the gunk is, but Petty Officer 1st Class Terry Hasenauer says the Coast Guard is sure what it is not.

“It’s certainly biological,” Hasenauer said. “It’s definitely not an oil product of any kind. It has no characteristics of an oil, or a hazardous substance, for that matter.

“It’s definitely, by the smell and the makeup of it, it’s some sort of naturally occurring organic or otherwise marine organism.”
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A plethora of corroborative data shows that this year’s sea ice levels in the Arctic are the lowest seen in 800 years.

The new research, published in the journal Climate Dynamics, doesn’t specify a cause or reason for the retreat, but it does note that if sea ice melt continues at this level, it’s likely that the North Pole will be completely ice-free during the summer months within a few decades.

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VP-FBB on the Antarctic Plateau

As I take off from the ice runway at the British Antarctic Survey’s Halley base, situated on the Brunt Ice Shelf (75o34’S 26o34’W), I finally realise I am living and working at the extreme of human endurance.  I am in one of the Survey’s De Havilland Twin Otters, known as Victor Papa Foxtrot Bravo Bravo (or VP-FBB), heading to the remote automatic weather station known affectionately as Baldrick, located at 83oSouth.

The weather station is hundreds of miles from the nearest living thing (human or otherwise) in the middle of the most inhospitable environment on the planet.  My life is entirely in the hands of the pilot Mark; fortunately they are very skilled hands. Read the rest of this entry »

Results recently published in the journal Global Change Biology show a population drop of 60% in worldwide caribou and reindeer numbers over the last three decades.

The dramatic decline in population is likely due to climate change and increased industrial development in boreal forests around the world.

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For those who say that plastic is evil or plastic represents the devil then those proactive types can do one of two things – 1) educate people about why not to use, buy or sell plastic goods (a tough assignment) or 2) use the plastic that we have for some other useful purpose. Plastic is everywhere but as much as we would like to wave a wand a make it disappear, the fact is that the “devils material” it is going to be here for a while so let’s with it.

David de Rothschild seeks to change the perception of plastic.  He has created a plastic love boat named the Plastiki which he discussed in depth in a presentation/lecture a couple nights ago at San Francisco’s Academy of Sciences. De Rothschild plans to sail his boat, made almost entirely from reused plastic bottles, from Pier 31 in San Francisco, through the Great Eastern Garbage Patch to Sydney, Australia. Read the rest of this entry »

Editor’s Note: This article was written by Agnieszka Fryckowska, Meteorologist and Halley Winter Base Commander at Halley Station in Antarctica. This is the first of an ongoing series of posts written by the Halley Station team, which will give readers a window into life in Antarctica.

Introducing Halley Station (75°34’S 26°34’W), located on the 150m thick, continually moving, Brunt Ice Shelf in Antarctica.  Named after the Astronomer Edmond Halley, the current station (Halley V) is the fifth to be built.  It is the British Antarctic Survey’s most remote research station and has been operational since 1956 (established by the Royal Society for the International Geophysical Year, 1957-58).   Halley Station (also known as Base Z) has presented itself in many forms since those first buildings in 1956.

The extreme environment challenges even the most thought out buildings.  Blizzards and snow drifts eventually bury any structures left on the ground and the constant movement of the ice shelf compresses any structures under the surface, making these buildings eventually unsuitable for use.

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Researchers in have discovered ancient, extremophile life forms that survive with neither light nor oxygen underground in Antarctica.

From the surface, the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Eastern Antarctica appears to be one of the most desolate places on Earth. And indeed it is. Apart from a few glaciers, the land is ice-free. No animals live here, and what few plants are able to are simple planktonic forms. But recently, a team of researchers have discovered evidence of a thriving community of extremophile microbes thriving several hundred feet below the barren surface.

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This month, as the results of data analyses come in, climate scientists are getting a more detailed, far clearer picture of the ‘State of the Poles’ and the effects of warming and climate change in these most extreme regions of our planet. Although this project is actually the culmination of two years work (encompassing 160 separate studies and costing 1.2 billion dollars) it has been officially deemed the ‘International Polar Year’ (IPY).

One of the most important findings of this project is a confirmation of what many climate scientists have suspected for a couple of years now–that the impact of climate change on our environment is happening at a much faster rate than previous computer models predicted. This is true even for the four major reports released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the last of which was released in 2007).

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